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The selection and shape design of cutting tools are crucial in the working process of CNC honing machines, as they directly affect machining accuracy, efficiency, and surface quality. There are not only various types of cutting tools, but also different applicable ranges under different working conditions.

Cutting tools can be classified into various types based on their working principles, structures, and materials used. Common types include:

1. Metal cutting tools

Metal cutting tools are one of the common tools in honing machines, usually used to treat the surface of metal workpieces. They are often made of wear-resistant materials such as high alloy steel, hard alloy, ceramics, etc., which have strong wear resistance and high thermal stability. Metal cutting tools have a wide range of applications and can be used to process different materials such as steel, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, etc.

2. Grinding wheel

The honing wheel is usually composed of wear-resistant sand particles and adhesive. The grinding wheel comes into contact with the surface of the workpiece through high-speed rotation, thus completing surface honing processing. The grinding wheel can be divided into coarse grinding wheel, fine grinding wheel, etc. according to the thickness of the sand particles, and is suitable for workpieces with different processing accuracy requirements.

3. Cylindrical cutting tools

Cylindrical cutting tools are usually used to machine the inner hole or outer circle of larger workpieces. Its tool shape is cylindrical, suitable for machining needs with larger diameters or deep holes. This tool cuts on the surface of the workpiece through its rotational motion, ensuring high machining accuracy.

4. Trim the cutting tools

The trimming tool is used to trim the honing wheel to ensure good cutting performance during use. Trimming tools are generally made of hard alloys or other high hardness materials, suitable for fine dressing of grinding wheels, removing the wear layer on the surface of the grinding wheel, to maintain the cutting sharpness of the grinding wheel.

5. Cutting scraper

The cutting scraper is used for fine scraping during the honing process, usually used during the machining stage to achieve higher surface smoothness. The cutting edge of the cutting scraper is relatively sharp and suitable for slightly removing small defects on the surface of the workpiece. Common materials include carbon steel and alloy steel.

6. Special cutting tools

In certain specific machining tasks, honing machines may require the use of customized special tools. These cutting tools are usually designed and manufactured according to the special shape or requirements of the workpiece, which may involve the combination of multiple materials and complex geometric shape design.

The shape design of CNC honing machine tools has a direct impact on machining accuracy, surface quality, and machining efficiency. Common tool shapes include the following:

1. Single blade cutting tools

Single blade cutting tools are usually used for rough machining or machining tasks with medium precision requirements. They have strong cutting ability and are suitable for removing materials from workpieces on a large scale.

2. Multi blade cutting tools

Multi blade cutting tools are commonly used for precision machining and fine cutting, with a more uniform distribution of cutting force and lower wear. Multi blade cutting tools are suitable for machining workpieces with high surface quality requirements, especially for inner hole machining, and can maintain high machining accuracy.

3. Spiral cutting tools

Spiral cutting tools are commonly used for honing machining with high cutting forces. The cutting edge of the tool is arranged along the spiral line, which can effectively reduce the concentration of cutting force during machining, reduce tool wear, and improve machining efficiency. Spiral cutting tools are commonly used to handle workpieces with larger surfaces or deeper holes.

4. Tool angle design

The angle design of the cutting tool is crucial for cutting performance and machining effect. Cutting tools are usually designed with different rake angles, rake angles, and cutting angles according to different machining tasks to optimize cutting force, improve surface quality, and reduce tool wear.

5. Shape of cutting edge

The shape of the cutting edge can also affect the machining quality. For example, the cutting edge of the tool can be designed as a sharp edge, suitable for precision machining; It can also be designed as a blunt rounded edge, suitable for rough machining. Choosing the appropriate cutting edge shape is crucial at different stages of processing.

The applicability of CNC honing machine tools usually depends on their material, shape, and machining tasks. The following are the applicable ranges of several common cutting tools:

1. Metal cutting tools

Suitable for most metal materials, especially in the processing of common metals such as steel, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, etc., metal cutting tools can provide stable machining performance. They are widely used in industries such as automobiles, aviation, and machinery manufacturing.

2. Grinding wheel

Suitable for various surface treatments and precision machining, especially for high-precision honing of inner holes and outer circles, the honing wheel can provide high-quality surface smoothness. For components that require high precision and high surface quality, honing wheels are indispensable tools.

3. Trim the cutting tools

Mainly used for the trimming of grinding wheels, suitable for various types of honing machines. It can ensure that the grinding wheel maintains cutting performance, thereby improving machining quality.

4. Special cutting tools

Special cutting tools are typically designed for specific industries or workpieces, and are suitable for processing tasks involving complex shapes or difficult to machine materials. For example, in the processing of aircraft engine components, precision instrument components, etc., special cutting tools can often meet high difficulty processing requirements.

The types, shapes, and applicable ranges of CNC honing machine tools are very wide and complex. In practical applications, the selection of cutting tools needs to be comprehensively considered based on factors such as the material, shape, accuracy requirements, and processing technology of the workpiece. By selecting and configuring tools reasonably, machining efficiency can be effectively improved, machining accuracy can be ensured, and the surface quality of the workpiece can be enhanced. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and applicability of different types of cutting tools is of great significance for improving the performance and production efficiency of honing machines.